Which retail inventory innovation, first widely adopted in the 1970s, revolutionized product tracking and is considered the predecessor to modern IoT retail systems?

Throughout history, technological innovations have transformed how retailers track and manage their inventory. From paper ledgers to today's sophisticated IoT systems, the evolution of inventory management reflects broader changes in commerce and technology. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in retail history that fundamentally changed how businesses track their products and interact with customers.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags
Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) tags
Punch card inventory systems