Which scientific product launch was accompanied by the unprecedented step of making the molecular structure of the active compound freely available to researchers worldwide, despite its commercial potential?

In the world of medical science, certain product launches have revolutionized how we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. These groundbreaking innovations often represent decades of research and development before reaching the market. This trivia tests your knowledge about one of the most significant scientific product launches that transformed modern medicine. Can you identify the correct timeline and circumstances behind this game-changing medical advancement?

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The HPV vaccine Gardasil in 2006, which Merck initially shared with developing nations
The HIV treatment AZT in 1987, which Burroughs Wellcome released under special licensing agreements
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine technology in 2020, which Moderna temporarily waived patent enforcement on
The artemisinin malaria treatment in the 1970s, which Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her team published without patenting