Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'brand seals' on merchandise as a form of quality assurance and merchant identification?

Before digital storefronts and modern retail, ancient civilizations created sophisticated commercial systems. Their marketplaces weren't just places of transaction but cultural centers where brand reputation, consumer trust, and merchant practices formed the backbone of early economies. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations approached what we now call 'retail marketing' and consumer engagement in these early commercial hubs.

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Mesopotamians, who pressed cylindrical seals into clay tablets attached to goods to certify authenticity and origin
Ancient Egyptians, who used hieroglyphic cartouches as royal approval stamps for goods sold in the kingdom
The Indus Valley civilization, who created copper tokens with merchant symbols given to customers as proof of purchase
Ancient Chinese merchants, who used bamboo tallies marked with their family emblem as the first form of branded packaging