Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail inventory management by allowing stores to predict optimal stock levels based on multiple variables including seasonality and market trends?

In the world of retail analytics, mathematical models have transformed how businesses understand customer behavior and optimize inventory. Advanced algorithms now power predictive systems that can forecast sales patterns with remarkable accuracy. How well do you know the cutting-edge mathematical applications that are reshaping retail analytics and inventory management?

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Bayesian Networks with dynamic probability distributions that adapt to changing consumer patterns
Simple moving averages that calculate inventory needs based solely on historical sales data from the previous quarter
Binary classification trees that categorize products as either 'stock' or 'don't stock' based on profit margins
Fixed-interval Markov chains that predict inventory needs based on predetermined seasonal patterns