Which retail innovation, first used commercially in 1974, was inspired by railroad barcode systems and dramatically transformed inventory tracking and checkout efficiency?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous technological innovations throughout history. Some inventions have completely revolutionized how we shop, while others quietly improved the retail experience behind the scenes. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal retail technology that fundamentally altered the checkout process and inventory management worldwide. Test your knowledge about this game-changing retail invention!

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The Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode scanner, first used at a Marsh supermarket in Ohio on a pack of Wrigley's gum
The electronic point-of-sale (EPOS) system, first implemented at Bloomingdale's department store in New York
The magnetic stripe card reader, first deployed at Bank of America branches for retail banking transactions
The electronic anti-theft tag system, first installed at Macy's flagship store to prevent shoplifting