Which company created the first modern customer loyalty program in 1981 that became the model for many programs we see today?

Customer loyalty programs are now ubiquitous in retail, but they have a fascinating history dating back decades. These programs revolutionized how businesses retained customers and gathered consumer data. This trivia question explores the origins of one of retail's most influential customer retention strategies and how it transformed the relationship between stores and shoppers throughout history.

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American Airlines (AAdvantage program)
S&H Green Stamps
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Holiday Inn (Priority Club)