Which WWII military supply chain innovation later became the foundation for modern retail inventory systems and is credited with revolutionizing global logistics?

Throughout military history, supply chain innovations have often determined battlefield outcomes more decisively than tactics or weaponry. From Alexander the Great's revolutionary logistics systems to modern just-in-time military supply networks, the evolution of military supply chains represents one of history's most consequential yet understudied developments. This trivia question examines a pivotal supply chain innovation from WWII that transformed military operations and later revolutionized civilian retail and distribution systems worldwide.

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The standardized shipping container, developed by the U.S. Army Transportation Corps in 1944 to rapidly deploy supplies across the Pacific theater
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), originally used for calculating artillery firing tables and later adapted for inventory management
The Standard Product Classification system, created by the Allies to standardize supply requisitions across multinational forces
The Universal Product Code (barcode) system, developed from the U.S. military's logistics identification system for tracking equipment and supplies