Which security innovation, first widely implemented in 1994, was crucial for the growth of e-commerce by enabling secure online transactions?

E-commerce has transformed retail dramatically over the past few decades. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal technological advancement that helped shape the modern e-commerce landscape as we know it today. Test your knowledge about the foundations of digital shopping and the innovations that made online purchasing secure enough for widespread consumer adoption.

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SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encryption
Two-factor authentication
Digital signatures via RSA algorithm
PayPal's secure payment gateway