Which company is credited with pioneering the first large-scale implementation of a circular economy business model through its 'Product as a Service' approach?

Test your knowledge about groundbreaking sustainability initiatives in the business world! The circular economy model has transformed how companies approach product lifecycles and waste management. This concept has been championed by various organizations, but one particular company led the way with its innovative approach to product design and lifecycle management. Can you identify which company first implemented a comprehensive circular economy business model at scale?

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Philips, with its lighting-as-a-service model where customers pay for light rather than purchasing bulbs and fixtures
IKEA, with its furniture buyback program allowing customers to return used furniture for store credit
Patagonia, with its Worn Wear program that repairs and resells used clothing
Unilever, with its zero-waste manufacturing initiative across all production facilities