Which ancient civilization developed the first standardized brand identity system for merchants, using distinctive seals to mark authentic products and prevent counterfeiting?

Long before modern e-commerce and digital marketing, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems that shaped their economies and societies. These early retail innovations laid the groundwork for many practices we still use today. Test your knowledge about how ancient merchants built their brand identities and retail presence in the ancient world's bustling marketplaces.

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Mesopotamia (specifically the Babylonians, circa 1800 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (during the New Kingdom period)
Han Dynasty China
The Phoenicians