Which transit payment innovation was first introduced by Hong Kong's Octopus card system in 1997 and later influenced similar systems worldwide like London's Oyster card?

The transportation industry has undergone significant changes in how customers pay for services. From traditional cash payments to completely contactless solutions, payment technologies have transformed the passenger experience across various transportation modes. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a major payment innovation that changed how people access transportation services.

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Contactless smart card technology that allowed tap-and-go payments without inserting cards
QR code ticketing system that allowed passengers to scan codes with their phones
Biometric payment system using fingerprint recognition for transit access
Subscription-based unlimited ride model with monthly billing