Which scientific breakthrough was critical for making direct-to-consumer genetic testing commercially viable for retail applications?

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing has revolutionized how science meets retail. Companies now offer personalized product recommendations based on genetic profiles, from skincare formulations to dietary supplements. This innovative intersection of biotechnology and retail represents a growing market where scientific analysis directly influences consumer purchasing decisions. How much do you know about this scientific retail revolution?

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Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), which dramatically reduced the cost of DNA analysis from millions to hundreds of dollars
CRISPR gene editing technology, which allowed retail companies to modify genetic samples for easier analysis
Microarray hybridization, which enables full genome sequencing in under 24 hours for retail customers
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which was first commercialized specifically for retail genetic testing in 2015