Which retail product development innovation is credited with helping the Allied forces succeed in the D-Day landings of WWII?

Throughout military history, product development and innovations in supply chains have been crucial to battlefield success. From the mass production of weaponry to the strategic deployment of resources, the 'retail' side of warfare has often determined outcomes more than tactics. This poll tests your knowledge about a famous example where product development innovation directly influenced a major military campaign's success.

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The Mulberry harbors - floating portable ports that allowed rapid unloading of supplies
The Liberty Ship mass production technique - reducing shipbuilding time from months to days
The Higgins boat - a standardized landing craft designed for retail production efficiency
The DUKW amphibious vehicle - developed through a retail supply chain innovation process