Which ancient civilization pioneered the first known systematic customer profiling system for their marketplaces, categorizing buyers by social status, profession, and purchasing patterns?

Before modern retail analytics and customer insights, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to understand commerce patterns. From Mesopotamian clay tablets tracking inventory to Roman market surveys, these early civilizations pioneered techniques we now consider fundamental to retail management. This trivia explores how ancient merchants gathered and utilized customer insights to optimize their marketplace strategies - proving that understanding consumer behavior is one of humanity's oldest business practices.

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The Roman Empire, through their 'mercatorum notitia' (merchant's knowledge) system that classified citizens for targeted market offerings
Ancient Egypt, using hieroglyphic records on papyrus to track noble families' preferences for luxury goods
The Phoenicians, who developed harbor registries that tracked foreign merchants' purchasing habits across their trading network
The Indus Valley Civilization, with clay seal impressions marking different buyer categories in their urban marketplaces