Which retail innovation, originally developed for military logistics during WWII, revolutionized commercial inventory tracking and is considered the predecessor to modern e-commerce platforms?

Throughout history, military research and development has led to numerous innovations that later revolutionized civilian markets and business models. From the internet to GPS, many technologies we take for granted in modern commerce began as military projects. This trivia poll explores how a famous military retail innovation fundamentally altered consumer expectations and business practices worldwide.

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The standardized shipping container system
The barcode/Universal Product Code (UPC)
Just-in-time inventory management
RFID tracking technology