Why was the day after Thanksgiving first called 'Black Friday' in the retail industry?

Black Friday has evolved into one of the biggest shopping events worldwide, generating billions in sales and marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But this retail phenomenon has a fascinating history that many consumers don't know about. Test your knowledge of how this massive shopping festival began and how it earned its distinctive name!

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Because retailers traditionally moved from operating at a loss ('in the red') to making profits ('in the black') on this day
Because of the dark crowds and chaos that would form outside stores before opening
Because the Philadelphia police used the term to describe the terrible traffic conditions that day
Because it was originally launched as a marketing campaign by major retailers using black-colored advertisements