Which company first popularized and systematically implemented 'charm pricing' (prices ending in 9) as a retail strategy based on psychological research?

Retail mathematics involves fascinating psychological pricing strategies that influence consumer perception and purchase decisions. One of the most well-known strategies uses specific ending digits to create price points that appear more attractive to consumers. Test your knowledge about how mathematics intersects with retail pricing psychology in this trivia challenge!

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Macy's, when they introduced their 'ninety-nine cents' sales in 1880
JCPenney, through their 'Fair and Square' pricing initiative in the early 1900s
Woolworth's, with their 'nothing in the store over 99 cents' model in 1879
Montgomery Ward, with their catalog pricing revolution in 1872