Which dictionary publisher first launched a successful subscription-based model that completely transformed how linguistic reference materials are sold?

The world of language learning and linguistics has seen remarkable retail innovations over the past decade. One particularly transformative change was how dictionary publishers adapted to the digital age by creating new retail models. This poll tests your knowledge about a major disruption in how linguistic reference materials are sold and accessed by consumers worldwide—a shift that fundamentally changed how people interact with language resources.

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Oxford University Press with Oxford Dictionaries Online (ODO) in 2011
Merriam-Webster with Unabridged Premium in 2014
Cambridge University Press with Cambridge Dictionary Pro in 2013
Collins with Collins Language Cloud in 2012