What unique product marketing strategy did Phoenician merchants use to dominate the ancient Mediterranean luxury goods market?

The Phoenicians were among history's most successful merchants, creating vast trade networks across the Mediterranean from 1500-300 BCE. Their product marketing and retail strategies were surprisingly sophisticated and influential. This poll tests your knowledge of how these ancient entrepreneurs built one of the first global commercial empires through innovative product positioning and marketing techniques that still resonate today.

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Creating artificial scarcity by limiting production of their famous purple dye goods to maintain premium pricing
Offering money-back guarantees on all exports to build trust with foreign markets
Implementing the first loyalty program with clay tokens redeemable for discounts
Publishing product catalogs on papyrus with detailed specifications of available merchandise