Which invention, first patented in 1952 but not widely adopted until the 1970s, revolutionized retail product tracking and is considered one of the most important retail innovations of the 20th century?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous inventions and discoveries throughout history. Some innovations changed how we shop forever, while others revolutionized how retailers understand consumer behavior. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking invention that fundamentally altered retail product tracking and customer insights, leading to the modern shopping experience we know today.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode
Electronic cash register (ECR)
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag
Point-of-sale (POS) credit card terminal