Which ancient civilization first implemented formal market segmentation by dividing consumers into social classes with specific product offerings for each segment?

Before modern marketing analytics, ancient civilizations had sophisticated methods for segmenting their markets and targeting different consumer groups. From the bazaars of Mesopotamia to the agoras of Greece, merchants understood the importance of categorizing potential customers. This trivia question explores how one major ancient civilization approached market segmentation in their commercial practices, revealing how some modern retail concepts have surprisingly ancient roots.

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Ancient Egypt, with separate marketplaces for royalty, priests, nobles, and commoners
Ancient Rome, with their 'clientela' system categorizing citizens into purchasing power brackets
Indus Valley Civilization, with designated trading zones for different castes
Ancient China, with imperial edicts establishing consumer categories based on occupation