Which mathematical technique has most significantly improved product recommendation systems in online retail by analyzing customer behavior patterns?

In today's retail landscape, mathematical algorithms are transforming how customers shop and how retailers understand consumer behavior. From predictive analytics to recommendation engines, mathematics is the invisible force behind modern retail experiences. This poll tests your knowledge about how mathematical models are revolutionizing retail customer journeys and creating personalized shopping experiences.

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Collaborative filtering algorithms using matrix factorization
Simple linear regression models
Basic Bayesian probability calculations
Standard deviation analysis of purchase history