Which mathematician's statistical methods from the 1950s formed the foundation for modern retail inventory optimization and is considered the 'father of retail analytics'?

Retail data analytics has revolutionized how businesses make decisions, but it has deep mathematical roots. Before modern software and AI tools became mainstream, mathematical models were already being employed to optimize retail operations. This question explores which pioneering mathematician significantly contributed to retail analytics methodology that's still foundational today.

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George Dantzig, whose linear programming methods revolutionized inventory management
John Nash, whose game theory models influenced competitive pricing strategies
Claude Shannon, whose information theory created the first digital customer behavior models
Alan Turing, whose computational methods enabled the first automated inventory systems