What innovative product design element allows the James Webb Space Telescope to maintain the extremely cold temperatures required for its infrared instruments to function properly?

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) represents one of humanity's greatest achievements in astronomical product design. Launched in December 2021 after decades of development, this engineering marvel faced numerous design challenges to operate 1.5 million kilometers from Earth in extreme conditions. This poll tests your knowledge about a critical design feature that makes the JWST's revolutionary infrared observations possible.

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A five-layer sunshield the size of a tennis court that reduces solar heat by more than a million times
An internal liquid nitrogen cooling system that continuously circulates through the telescope's components
Thermoelectric cooling panels that convert solar energy into cooling power using the Peltier effect
A reflective gold-plated exterior that redirects 99.9% of solar radiation away from the telescope