Which product design innovation fundamentally changed how we navigate by replacing the need to fold paper maps?

The field of cartography and geographic information systems (GIS) has evolved dramatically with technological advances. Product designers in this space must balance accuracy, usability, and accessibility while adapting to changing user needs and environments. This trivia question explores an innovative product design approach that revolutionized how people interact with geographic information. Test your knowledge of this industry-changing development!

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The introduction of turn-by-turn voice navigation in GPS devices
The development of waterproof maps for outdoor activities
The creation of tourist maps with 3D landmark illustrations
The design of color-coded subway maps based on Harry Beck's London Underground model