Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'merchant seals' as an early form of brand identity, using distinctive cylinder seals to mark clay containers and guarantee product authenticity?

Before modern marketing departments and focus groups, ancient civilizations had their own ways of distinguishing products and establishing brand identity. From distinctive pottery marks to specialized merchant districts, our ancestors understood the power of product differentiation and consumer psychology. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations approached what we now call 'branding' and customer experience in the earliest marketplaces of human history.

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Mesopotamians (specifically Sumerians and Babylonians)
Ancient Egyptians
Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient Chinese (Shang Dynasty)