Which e-commerce innovation was first widely adopted by national governments to allow citizens to file taxes online with digital signatures?

In the digital age, governments worldwide have embraced e-commerce platforms to enhance citizen services and streamline operations. These platforms have revolutionized how citizens interact with government services, from paying taxes to applying for permits. This trivia question explores a significant innovation in government e-commerce that changed how citizens access services. Test your knowledge about the technological evolution of government service delivery!

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Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authentication systems
Blockchain-based identity verification
Social media login integration
SMS-based two-factor authentication