Which mathematical algorithm was pioneered by Amazon in the late 1990s and revolutionized product recommendation systems in retail?

In the world of retail recommendation systems, mathematical algorithms have transformed how products are suggested to consumers. Behind the scenes, complex formulas analyze purchasing patterns, browsing behavior, and user preferences to create personalized shopping experiences. One particular mathematical innovation revolutionized e-commerce and created billions in additional revenue. Test your knowledge about this mathematical retail breakthrough!

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Collaborative Filtering
Neural Network Classification
Bayesian Probability Trees
K-means Clustering