Which ancient civilization first used branded seals on merchandise as a form of quality control and merchant identification in their extensive trade networks?

Before modern logos and slogans, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated brand identities for their products and trade. Temples, marketplaces, and trade routes were filled with distinctive symbols that identified craftsmen, merchants, and goods. These ancient branding practices laid the foundation for today's marketing principles. Test your knowledge of how ancient civilizations approached product differentiation and brand recognition!

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Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE), using square seals with animal motifs on traded goods
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 BCE), using hieroglyphic cartouches to mark royal-approved products
Ancient Rome (c. 753 BCE), using maker's marks stamped on pottery and metal goods
Ancient China (c. 1600 BCE), using bronze seals to mark silk and pottery for the Shang Dynasty