Which ancient civilization first used branded goods with maker's marks to establish product authenticity and build customer loyalty?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems. The Romans, Egyptians, Greeks, and Mesopotamians all had unique approaches to branding, customer loyalty, and marketplace design. Their innovative solutions to commerce challenges continue to influence retail practices today. Test your knowledge of how these ancient societies approached retail and branding concepts that we still use in modified forms.

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Mesopotamia (through cylinder seals on clay products, c. 3500 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (through cartouche symbols on luxury items, c. 3000 BCE)
Ancient Greece (through potter signatures on ceramics, c. 700 BCE)
Roman Empire (through maker stamps on pottery and bricks, c. 100 BCE)