Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'branded merchandise' by stamping maker's marks on pottery and goods to indicate quality and origin?

The ancient world had sophisticated retail and trading systems that laid the foundation for modern commerce. From the bustling agoras of Greece to the complex trade networks of Mesopotamia, ancient civilizations developed remarkable retail operations and marketing strategies. This trivia challenges you to explore how our ancestors approached product positioning, market segmentation, and brand recognition thousands of years before modern marketing terminology existed.

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Ancient Romans with their 'ex officina' (from the workshop of) stamps on pottery, glassware, and metal goods
Ancient Egyptians with hieroglyphic royal seals on goods produced for pharaohs
Mesopotamians with cuneiform inscriptions on clay vessels denoting temple ownership
Ancient Chinese with signature chops (stamps) on silk and porcelain exports