Which ancient civilization developed the first known standardized system of weights and measures specifically to prevent marketplace fraud and analyze trade patterns?

While modern retailers use sophisticated analytics to track consumer behavior, ancient civilizations had their own methods of gathering market intelligence. From Mesopotamian clay tablets recording transactions to Roman market inspectors monitoring prices, data collection has always been crucial to commerce. This poll explores how ancient civilizations used early forms of retail analytics to understand their markets and make trading decisions.

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Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE), with their remarkably precise weight stones found at trading centers like Mohenjo-daro
Ancient Egypt (c. 3000 BCE), with their nilometers to predict harvests and set grain prices in marketplaces
Babylonian Empire (c. 1800 BCE), with their cuneiform tablet inventories tracking temple goods and merchant transactions
Ancient China (Shang Dynasty, c. 1600 BCE), with their oracle bone records of marketplace activities and tribute exchanges