Which mathematical concept revolutionized retail recommendation systems by allowing companies to identify hidden patterns in customer purchase behavior?

Modern retail analytics relies heavily on mathematical concepts and algorithms. From inventory management to customer behavior prediction, mathematics plays a crucial role in how retail businesses make decisions. This trivia question explores a significant mathematical innovation that transformed retail recommendation systems and personalization strategies.

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Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), used in Netflix's early recommendation algorithm and later adopted by retailers
Bayesian Probability Networks, first implemented by Target for pregnancy prediction
Markov Decision Processes, pioneered by Amazon for dynamic pricing strategies
Monte Carlo Tree Search, developed by Walmart for inventory optimization