In which country was the QR code invented, and what was its original purpose before being adopted by the retail industry?

QR codes have transformed retail experiences worldwide, bridging physical and digital shopping journeys. These matrix barcodes have become essential tools in omnichannel strategies, enabling everything from contactless payments to interactive product information. Test your knowledge about the origins of this revolutionary retail technology that has become ubiquitous in modern commerce.

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Japan, to track automotive parts in Toyota's manufacturing process
United States, as a military inventory tracking system developed by the Department of Defense
Germany, as a secure payment verification system for early e-commerce platforms
South Korea, as a consumer engagement tool for the first smartphone launch campaigns