Which ancient civilization developed the first known customer loyalty program by issuing clay tokens that could be exchanged for discounts on future purchases?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems to distribute goods and services. From the bustling agoras of Greece to the complex trade networks of Mesopotamia, retail strategies have shaped economies for millennia. This poll tests your knowledge of how ancient societies approached customer engagement and retention in their marketplaces. Can you identify which civilization pioneered a particularly innovative approach to keeping customers loyal?

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Ancient Babylon, where merchants gave 'shekel tokens' to regular customers that could be redeemed during seasonal festivals
Ancient Egypt, where papyrus 'royal purchase scrolls' tracked noble families' spending at palace-approved vendors
Ancient Rome, where 'fidelitas coins' were distributed to citizens who frequently patronized the same market stalls
Ancient China, where Han Dynasty silk merchants issued 'return tokens' carved from jade to preferred customers