Which ancient civilization first used sophisticated 'brand seals' on merchandise as a form of quality assurance and merchant identification in their extensive trade networks?

Before modern retail strategies, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of brand recognition and customer loyalty. From maker's marks on pottery to specialized merchant districts, these early retail strategies helped establish trust and build recurring patronage. Test your knowledge of how ancient civilizations approached what we now call 'brand management' and customer relationships in their marketplaces.

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Ancient Rome with their 'Sigillum Mercator' (Merchant Seal) system
Indus Valley civilization with their square stamp seals featuring animal motifs and script
Ancient Egypt with their hieroglyphic cartouches marking royal workshop goods
Phoenician traders with their distinctive purple-dyed cloth tags