Which invention, patented in 1974, is considered the foundation of modern e-commerce by enabling digital product identification and inventory tracking?

The retail landscape was forever changed with the advent of e-commerce technologies. Behind today's seamless online shopping experiences lie decades of innovation, pioneering systems, and visionary entrepreneurs who transformed how we buy and sell goods. Test your knowledge about the early breakthrough inventions that made online shopping possible and the revolutionary platforms that first brought retail to the digital world.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) protocol
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption
Digital shopping cart software