Which innovative pricing strategy was implemented to secure funding for the James Webb Space Telescope's development?

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) represents one of the most ambitious and expensive scientific instruments ever built. Its development and funding model created several innovations in how large-scale science projects are priced and funded. Test your knowledge about this groundbreaking scientific instrument's pricing strategy that made this astronomical marvel possible.

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International cost-sharing model where multiple space agencies contributed specific percentages based on their GDP
Subscription-based funding where research institutions pre-purchased observation time blocks years in advance
Tiered pricing structure with private companies paying premium rates for priority access to telescope data
Crowdfunding campaign where public donors received naming rights for discovered celestial objects