Which retail innovation first used geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze customer demographics by location for strategic store placement?

The intersection of geography and retail has created revolutionary business models that leverage location data and spatial analysis. From proximity marketing to geolocated pop-up stores, retailers are finding innovative ways to use geographic information to drive sales and customer engagement. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a significant geographic retail innovation that changed how businesses think about physical location and customer targeting.

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McDonald's PIMS (Prospect Information Mapping System) from the 1960s
Amazon's first attempt at physical stores in 2015
Walmart's store expansion algorithm developed in 1994
Starbucks' clustering strategy launched in 2001