Which scientific innovation, initially developed for NASA spacecraft in the 1960s, later revolutionized athletic footwear when commercialized in the retail market?

Behind many everyday products are fascinating scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized consumer markets. This poll tests your knowledge about significant scientific innovations that transformed from laboratory discoveries to retail phenomena. Understanding the science behind successful products reveals how research and development drives commercial success in the consumer marketplace.

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Memory foam (polyurethane with additional chemicals increasing viscosity and density)
Gore-Tex (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane)
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Thermochromic pigments (temperature-sensitive color-changing compounds)