Which mathematical model first revolutionized retail churn prediction by incorporating temporal purchasing patterns alongside traditional RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) metrics?

In the intersection of mathematics and retail, advanced analytical models have transformed how businesses understand customer behavior. From predictive algorithms to complex segmentation formulas, mathematics plays a crucial role in modern retail strategy. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking mathematical approach that revolutionized how retailers predict customer churn - a critical metric for business sustainability and growth. Test your knowledge about this important retail analytics innovation!

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The Markov Chain Transition Matrix model
The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)
The Cox Proportional Hazards model
The Random Forest Ensemble model