What was Duolingo's original business model before pivoting to its current free language-learning app format?

Duolingo has revolutionized language learning with its gamified approach, making it accessible to millions worldwide. The company's journey from a small startup to a language learning giant is filled with interesting business decisions and pivotal moments. This poll tests your knowledge of Duolingo's brand history and how it changed the landscape of language education technology.

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A subscription-based virtual classroom with live language tutors
A crowdsourced translation service where users learned languages while translating real documents
A language certification testing platform for international students
A language learning textbook publisher that transitioned to digital