Which historical event actually gave 'Black Friday' its name as a shopping festival?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant shopping festivals in retail history, but its origins are often misunderstood. This poll tests your knowledge of how this massive retail phenomenon began and evolved into the global shopping event we know today. Understanding retail history helps product managers appreciate how shopping traditions impact modern consumer behavior and product launch strategies.

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The 1869 financial crisis when gold prices plummeted, making 'Black Friday' first a term for financial disaster before retailers reclaimed it
Philadelphia police using the term in the 1950s to describe the chaotic crowds and traffic the day after Thanksgiving when shoppers flooded downtown
Retailers' accounting practice of recording profits in black ink, as this was the day when their books typically moved from 'red' to 'black' for the year
A marketing campaign created by major department stores in 1924 to boost post-Thanksgiving sales during the economic boom of the Roaring Twenties