Which product development innovation did 'The Phantom of the Opera' pioneer that revolutionized Broadway economics and is now standard practice for major productions?

The Phantom of the Opera stands as one of the most successful theatrical productions in history. But beyond the music and drama, it represents a landmark case study in product development and brand longevity in performing arts. This trivia question explores the innovative production decisions that helped transform Broadway's economic model and set new standards for theatrical productions worldwide.

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Creating a separate merchandise company dedicated solely to show-branded products
Implementing variable ticket pricing based on seat location and performance dates
Establishing international touring productions with identical staging
Releasing the full soundtrack album before the show's official opening