What was the original meaning behind the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday is now a global shopping phenomenon marking the beginning of the holiday shopping season. But this retail juggernaut has an interesting history that many consumers might not know about. Test your knowledge about the origins of one of the world's biggest shopping festivals that drives billions in revenue and shapes retail strategy worldwide.

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The day retailers' accounting ledgers went from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit) for the year
A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
A 1950s Philadelphia term for the chaotic day between Thanksgiving and Army-Navy game
A retail industry code name for their secret annual discount strategy