Which mathematician's work on number theory directly led to the development of the modern barcode scanning system used in retail point-of-sale terminals?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has transformed how products are developed, marketed, and sold. Mathematical algorithms power everything from inventory optimization to personalized marketing. This trivia question explores how a famous mathematician's work unexpectedly influenced a major retail technology that we now take for granted in stores worldwide.

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George Boole, whose Boolean algebra became the foundation for barcode binary patterns
Alan Turing, whose computational theories enabled the first automated checkout scanners
Norman Joseph Woodland, who adapted Morse code principles into the first barcode system
John Nash, whose game theory optimized barcode patterns for minimal scanning errors