Which mathematical innovation significantly improved retail inventory management by reducing the 'bullwhip effect' in supply chains?

Mathematics has revolutionized how retailers make decisions through advanced analytics and data-driven strategies. Behind every successful retail operation are powerful mathematical models processing enormous datasets to optimize everything from inventory management to customer experience. This trivia question explores how mathematical innovation has transformed a key aspect of modern retail operations.

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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) models
Fibonacci sequence optimization algorithms
Nash equilibrium pricing strategies
Monte Carlo simulation for customer behavior