Why was the day after Thanksgiving first called 'Black Friday' in the retail world?

Black Friday has become a global shopping phenomenon, but its origins are often misunderstood. This trivia tests your knowledge about how this massive retail event got its name and evolved into the shopping extravaganza we know today. Can you separate retail fact from fiction about one of the biggest shopping days of the year?

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Because retailers' accounting books would go from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit) due to holiday shopping
Due to the dark crowds of shoppers that would flood stores the day after Thanksgiving
It was named after a stock market crash that occurred on a Friday after Thanksgiving in 1951
It originated from a marketing campaign by Macy's in the 1980s to promote their post-Thanksgiving sales