Which ancient civilization first used stamped clay seals on merchandise packaging to verify authenticity and prevent tampering, creating an early form of brand protection?

While modern packaging focuses on branding and protection, ancient civilizations pioneered innovative packaging solutions that shaped early commerce. From Egyptian alabaster containers for cosmetics to Mesopotamian clay vessels for oils, packaging wasn't just functional—it communicated value, origin, and authenticity in bustling ancient marketplaces. This poll explores how one ancient civilization revolutionized packaging with a technique that influenced trade for centuries.

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Mesopotamian merchants (3300-2000 BCE), who impressed cylinder seals on clay jar stoppers for oil and wine
Ancient Egyptian traders (2500 BCE), who used hieroglyphic seals on papyrus wrappings for luxury goods
Phoenician traders (1200 BCE), who pioneered lead stamps on fabric wrappings for purple-dyed textiles
Indus Valley merchants (2600 BCE), who used steatite seals on ceramic containers for spices and perfumes